Quantitation of polyomavirus DNA in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine, identification of virus laden "decoy cells" in urine, and histopathologic demonstration of viral inclusions in the brain parenchyma and renal tubules are the applicable diagnostic methods.
Genomic sequences of polyomaviruses have been reported to be associated with various neoplastic disorders and autoimmune conditions. In this chapter, we provide an overview of polyomaviruses and briefly introduce its association with human diseases, which will be covered extensively in other chapters by experts in the field. In addition, Tamiflu, an antiviral drug, is sometimes prescribed if someone is in the very early stages of developing the flu.
The best way to avoid respiratory viral diseases is to practice good personal hygiene. Wash your hands often, cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze, and limit your interactions with people who show symptoms of a respiratory condition.
Gastrointestinal viral diseases affect your digestive tract. The viruses that cause them are contagious and usually lead to a condition called gastroenteritis , also called the stomach flu. Gastrointestinal viruses are shed in the stool during bowel movements. You can also get the virus from sharing utensils or personal objects with someone who has a virus. In many cases, they resolve on their own within a day or two.
In the meantime, drink plenty of fluids to replace those lost from diarrhea or vomiting. You can prevent gastrointestinal viral diseases by washing your hands often, especially after using the bathroom. Wiping down contaminated surfaces and not sharing personal items or eating utensils can also help. Many exanthematous viruses are spread through respiratory droplets from the cough or sneeze of someone with the virus. Other exanthematous viral diseases, such as chickenpox and smallpox, can be transmitted by coming into contact with fluid in broken skin lesions.
Chikungunya virus is spread through a mosquito bite and cannot be transmitted from person to person. Treating exanthematous viral diseases focuses on managing symptoms. Fever-reducing medications, such as acetaminophen, can help with some of the more bothersome symptoms. Measles, rubella, chickenpox, shingles, and smallpox can all be prevented through vaccination. You can reduce your risk of a chikungunya virus infection by protecting yourself from mosquito bites.
Learn more about viral rashes. The hepatic viral diseases cause inflammation of the liver, known as viral hepatitis. The most common types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis A, B, and C. It is worth noting that diseases caused by other viruses, such as cytomegalovirus and the yellow fever virus, can also affect the liver.
Hepatitis B and C can be transmitted from person to person through bodily fluids. Sharing items that come in to contact with blood, such as needles or razors, can also spread the virus. Hepatitis B can be spread through sexual contact. Treatments for hepatitis B, C, and D focus on managing symptoms.
In some cases, a doctor might prescribe medication, such as antiviral drugs. Treatment of hepatitis A and E involves supportive measures, such as getting plenty of rest, drinking fluids, and avoiding alcohol. There are vaccines for both hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Other ways to prevent viral hepatitis include not sharing needles or razors, practicing safe sex , and avoiding food or drinks that may be contaminated by feces.
Cutaneous viral diseases cause lesions or papules to form on the skin. In many cases, these lesions can stick around for a long time or come back after disappearing for a while. These viruses are contagious. Papules that form due to warts or molluscum contagiosum often go away on their own. They can also be removed by simple in-office procedures, such as cryotherapy.
The virus was discovered by Dmitri Ivanovsky. The study of viruses is known as virology. Important disease caused by the virus are: Smallpox. Human papillomavirus. Dengue fever. Common cold. Additional Information Important disease caused by bacteria are: Cholera. Typhoid Plague. Know more about Biology and ace the concept of Human body and Human Diseases.
Get Started for Free Download App. More Human body Questions Q1. Hapatitis-B is also called. Which of the following is a female sex hormone? Which of the following is an air-borne, disease?
Which type of tooth has the longest root?
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