Conclusions: HIA is a useful tool for engaging communities and decision makers in the public health agenda. HIAs of major multi-sport events are limited by a lack of quality evidence and the inability to predict impacts reliably.
Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. The net impact on health was impossible to estimate, but potential impacts on particular determinants of health were identified Table 1 , although it was difficult to predict the likelihood of these impacts either positive or negative being realized.
These events provided feedback to local communities and stakeholders on the findings of the evidence gathering and appraisal, and verified that the impacts identified were appropriate. The summarized recommendations arising from the HIA are shown in Table 1 full details of the recommendations and the evidence underpinning them are available in the full report. For example, the planning of new sports facilities can be seen as an opportunity for the community to be empowered through being involved in their design, or can be seen as a threat to community empowerment if infrastructure is perceived to be imposed on a community without their involvement or consent.
This tension is present in all of the potential impacts of the plans Table 1. However, a series of clear recommendations was more readily developed for improving the potential impacts of hosting the Games. This drew upon existing strategic plans and the policy context in Glasgow. Thus, even where the overall impact on employment, for example, was uncertain, it was possible to suggest policy modifications that would maximize the positive impact on health and health inequalities.
The impact of hosting the Commonwealth Games on the health of Glaswegians, and the determinants of their health, is uncertain. There are high public and governmental expectations of playing host, and the Games have generated a great deal of interest and debate about the possible impacts.
A range of recommendations have been outlined the recommendations contained within the full report are more specific, achievable and measurable than those in the summarized version outlined in Table 1 that reflect the available evidence and collective wisdom of the public and participants in the HIA process. Careful evaluation is required to determine whether these impacts are realized and whether the HIA process has influenced the decision-making process.
It is likely that the Games will mainly influence health through impacts on the economy, civic pride, engagement in decision making, the provision of new infrastructure, and participation in cultural events. It was challenging to provide accurate estimates of the effects because of a lack of quality evidence from similar interventions. The main strengths were in relation to planning, using a range of methods, working together, sharing information and providing feedback.
The main deficits were that some elements of the engagement were rushed, and it was not certain that a representative cross-section of the community was reached.
The evaluation found that the community engagement was successful in raising awareness of the delivery plans for the Games, the potential health impacts of the Games, and the National Standards for Community Engagement. This has left people with increased capacity to participate in any further community engagement opportunities. HIA is an established mechanism for public health professionals to inform policy making with the available evidence and expertise.
This is particularly important for social interventions not aimed specifically at generating health effects, which are likely to be an important influence on health but may not have sufficient health input into their planning and conduct. There are precedents for conducting HIAs on major multi-sports events, 45 and there may be an increasing desire for quality public health input to policy making. It may be that the Games can act as a catalyst to support existing aims around health, and can help to focus efforts of a wide range of organizations on such challenges.
It is clear that the Glasgow public are keen to be involved in planning the Games legacy and that, when given opportunities to be involved, they provide a useful and unique insight. As with all HIAs, the value of this work is limited by the evidence base upon which it draws, the inability to predict impacts accurately and with certainty, and the extent to which its recommendations are acted upon. The survey methods used to gather the opinions of residents have the potential for selection bias.
For example, the Glasgow Household Survey sampling method involves selecting addresses in an area, and if there is no response, sampling from nearby dwellings.
This potential for bias was less important in the generation of a list of possible impacts than it was for determining public priorities. Gerry McCartney is a member of the Scottish Socialist Party and was involved in a project to have a velodrome built in the West of Scotland. The other authors have no competing interests to declare.
Read article at publisher's site DOI : Pfitzner R , Koenigstorfer J. Public Health , 8 , 12 Aug Cited by: 3 articles PMID: BMJ Open , 3 1 , 07 Jan Mackie P , Sim F. Public Health , 8 , 01 Aug Cited by: 0 articles PMID: To arrive at the top five similar articles we use a word-weighted algorithm to compare words from the Title and Abstract of each citation.
BMJ , c, 20 May Dannenberg AL. Prev Chronic Dis , E84, 30 Jun Int J Circumpolar Health , , 03 Jun J Public Health Med , 23 2 , 01 Jun Cited by: 12 articles PMID: Waste Manag , , 08 Oct Contact us.
Europe PMC requires Javascript to function effectively. Recent Activity. Search life-sciences literature Over 39 million articles, preprints and more Search Advanced search. This website requires cookies, and the limited processing of your personal data in order to function. By using the site you are agreeing to this as outlined in our privacy notice and cookie policy. McCartney G 1 ,. S Palmer Search articles by 'S Palmer'. Palmer S ,. J Winterbottom Search articles by 'J Winterbottom'.
Winterbottom J ,. R Jones Search articles by 'R Jones'. Jones R ,. R Kendall Search articles by 'R Kendall'. Kendall R ,. D Booker Search articles by 'D Booker'. Booker D. Affiliations 1 author 1. Share this article Share with email Share with twitter Share with linkedin Share with facebook.
Abstract Objective To influence the planning of the Commonwealth Games such that the positive impacts are maximized and the negative impacts are mitigated. Study design Participatory health impact assessment HIA.
Results The likely net health impact of hosting the Commonwealth Games was uncertain. Conclusions HIA is a useful tool for engaging communities and decision makers in the public health agenda.
Free full text Sponsored Document from. Public Health. PMID: McCartney , a, S. Palmer , b J. Winterbottom , b R. Jones , c R. Kendall , d and D. Booker b. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. McCartney: ten. Corresponding author. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Go to:. Objective To influence the planning of the Commonwealth Games such that the positive impacts are maximized and the negative impacts are mitigated.
Scoping A scoping event was held in August in Celtic Park the venue for the Games opening ceremony involving stakeholders. Evidence gathering The key areas of impact identified at the scoping event were used to develop questions for public consultation. Box 1 Health impact assessment HIA community engagement strategy. Evidence appraisal Recommendations were formulated by the HIA steering group using the evidence gathered as part of the HIA following the appraisal and community engagement.
Reporting The full report of the HIA process and recommendations was presented to all the relevant stakeholders including elected councillors, city council officials and the Games organizing committee in time for this to be reflected in the legacy plans and in advance of publication. Evidence gathering Glasgow Household Survey 22 The survey showed that residents believed the Games would have a positive impact on them, their families, their local area and Glasgow as a whole.
Systematic review 18 A systematic review of the impacts of major multi-sport events — on the health and determinants of health was performed. Evidence appraisal The evidence available suggested that the Games were likely to impact on a wide range of the determinants of health. Table 1 Summarized recommendations of the health impact assessment. Open in a separate window. Community engagement feedback events These events provided feedback to local communities and stakeholders on the findings of the evidence gathering and appraisal, and verified that the impacts identified were appropriate.
Recommendations and reporting The summarized recommendations arising from the HIA are shown in Table 1 full details of the recommendations and the evidence underpinning them are available in the full report. Main finding of this study The impact of hosting the Commonwealth Games on the health of Glaswegians, and the determinants of their health, is uncertain. What is already known on this topic HIA is an established mechanism for public health professionals to inform policy making with the available evidence and expertise.
We then produced an overall analysis which included common themes, recurring words of phrases, and also links between ideas. Patterns, common themes, deviations from patterns and any factors which may explain these were identified. The table below outlines the various steps in conducting this research.
One of the main problems with achieving decisive answers and measures for outcomes, is the number of organisations dealing with legacy. Much of the implementation work relates to national themes such as the work undertaken by the Scottish Government or function such as the work undertaken by the Organising Committee.
By combining a review of published updates with qualitative interviews, the current research has endeavoured to get close to understanding the extent to which HIA recommendations have been incorporated into policy.
Research findings Glasgow Commonwealth Games Have the recommendations from the HIA of the Commonwealth Games been incorporated into policy and planning for the Games and its legacy, and if so, how? This section of the report focuses on the implementation of the HIA recommendations, i.
Influence of the HIA on the GCC Legacy Framework The ideas and themes within the HIA recommendations are familiar and consistent with findings from other recommendation reports and community assessments, and as such, have been widely adopted by those planning activity for the Games. What appears pivotal, is the extent to which the HIA influenced the development of the Legacy Framework which has been used widely by stakeholders to plan activity.
The qualitative research with stakeholders indicated that the HIA recommendations were used extensively to help structure workshops that were instrumental in creating themes for the Legacy Framework.
What we put in the Legacy Framework was underpinned by an equitable approach and that was because the HIA stuff was underpinned throughout, so in essence, it was right in the centre of it all. There does appear to be confusion among stakeholders about the origin of legacy recommendations due to the 13 HIA themes, six GCC themes and four Scottish Government themes. The consensus of opinion was that legacy reports and recommendations have not determined outcomes but rather have prioritised actions, added political weight to, and expedited projects that are and have been in the pipeline.
If some things happened which will have a positive effect on health sometimes it will be more by luck than design. Organisations spoke of using the Games and the themes within the Framework as a justification for prioritising certain initiatives, and highlighted the importance of such initiatives in contributing to the local economy, which would have otherwise struggled in the current economic climate.
I think that nobody doubts that without the Games the accelerated rate of progress around regeneration and the investment in apprenticeships and youth job schemes at a time of recession just would not have been possible. It's been very important… we have been able to maximise and capitalise on having the Games… we've used the branding… of, this is , to accelerate quite a number of our physical projects and thereby the social and economic opportunities that come out of those. The creation of additional funding streams, through e.
From looking at the wider evidence and the HIA it became clear to us that we needed to do something in the east end of Glasgow and that is written into GoWell. That was all built into the masterplan for development of the east end which reflects the HSN. The Equally Well programme has rolled up with HSN model which is now rolling across the whole development plan.
The HIA was ambitious in what they wanted to address which was integrated structure treating green space as part of the infrastructure. Influence of the HIA as a stand alone piece of work While the main strength of the HIA in terms of its impact on policy and planning appears to be its instrumental role in the development of the Legacy Framework, it was also the case that some respondents used the HIA report and recommendations to inform their work in relation to the Games.
These individuals highly valued the HIA report as a source of information in relation to how Glasgow communities considered the Games, and as such, had studied the recommendations and used them extensively in considering and planning their activity in relation to the Games. They felt confident in the validity of the document and its recommendations due to the comprehensive community engagement undertaken to inform the HIA.
I can genuinely say that I do talk about the HIA on a regular basis and look back at it to make sure we are on the right track… because it was the scale of the piece of work, and it was done seriously… and I really trusted the people who were doing it. It felt like a really positive piece of work. It should be noted however, that respondents generally appeared unaware of the range of elements comprising the HIA other than the community engagement.
This suggests a need for better promotion of the comprehensive HIA process including the different elements and rationale for using this process. Some were particularly positive about the HIA as a means of prioritising health and ensuring health outcomes would be considered, and also as providing a baseline of what health outcome could be achieved, given the unrealistic aspirations of some in relation to the legacy of the Games. The model for the Cultural Programme was developed after extensive research in relation to other Games and events including the HIA and involves Glasgow Life on behalf of the Organising Committee engaging with the existing cultural sector within the city, rather than an external company being commissioned to undertake the work.
This was seen to have many benefits including connecting existing resources and improving their skills 27 McCartney, G. The real strength of the model in terms of how it was developed…. A key issue is that of people feeling connected to the Games and their city. Glasgow Life are also conducting a volunteering programme which has been driven specifically by the HIA. The programme has two separate aspects which focus on inclusiveness and the recommendations within the volunteering theme.
The online programme hopes to reach tens of thousands of people. You can also read. Personalized and Adaptive Serious Games. Swiss Cooperation Strategy Republic of Moldova Adult type 1 diabetes mellitus - National Clinical Guideline No. The Scottish Strategy for Autism. Undergraduate Course Guide - International students. Accident reporting and analysis in forestry - Guidance on increasing the safety of forest work - Food and Agriculture Undergraduate Calendar - Lawrence S Townsville Environmental Scan - Informing the region's workforce development needs - Jobs Queensland.
Select All. We use cookies.
0コメント